Landscaping Design Articles
Landscape Design Articles
When to Involve a Landscape Architect: Sooner rather than Later
As published in Capital Region Building, September/ October 2005
By Geffrey Redick, RLA
Redbud Development, Inc.
When designing a new house or renovating an existing home, the design and build process can be lengthy and sometimes overwhelming. Decisions need to be made constantly. The style of home, the square footage, the floor plan and the building materials are usually of the utmost concern. Coupled with the daily requirements of work, family and domestic tasks, you may wonder how you are going to make it through the process. One’s initial response may be to limit the amount of decisions that need to be made by focusing on the most important aspects. Thinking about where the driveway will be located, how a deck or patio might fit into the picture, the location of a future pool or play space in the backyard, become secondary.
The design team for building new or renovating typically consists of an architect, a builder and homeowner. By including a landscape architect in this group early on you get a complete interior and exterior design team that can help the homeowner to fully develop their vision for the house and how they plan to use the space - inside and out. This type of collaboration results in the creation of a master plan that incorporates all the homeowners’ current and future desires. It also enables the homeowner to prioritize and phase-in portions of the plan over time as their budget allows. It will also prevent costly duplication of efforts down the road.
Landscape architects can assess a property to best situate a new home to allow the maximum amount of sunlight to reach the home and to take advantage of the best possible views. They can assess current plant materials and help to incorporate that 150 year old oak tree that is hidden just beyond the tree line. They will arrange the driveway so that it does not become a focal point of the property but instead flows gracefully while providing enough parking, play areas and appropriate turnarounds.
Having a landscape architect review the plans for the house itself may also prevent you from locating the septic system in or near the optimal location for the (future) pool or help you to position a window to best view a (future) water feature. Or, if the property is sloped so that basement of the house can accommodate a walk-out basement, you may want to consider adding a few yards of concrete to the footing of the house and adding a set of French doors. Because, when you do get around to finishing the basement, wouldn’t it be great to have a patio with a hot tub, barbeque and intimate seating area integrated with the basement?
Including a landscape architect on the design team can help to make
sure that any imminent or future exterior projects are taken into account
and not made cost prohibitive. In the end, the goal is the same for
all – optimal land use at minimal expense.
The Landscape of Technology
As published in Saratoga Business Journal, April 2005
By Geffrey and Karen Redick
Gone are the days of simply putting together some plants and grass and calling it a landscape. Today’s landscapes integrate technology along with plant materials in exciting ways, from built-in barbeques, pools, spas and multifunction athletic courts to customized outdoor audio, lighting, security, and irrigation systems. More than being used as a finished element in the landscape, however, technology is now part of the landscaping process from inspiration through planning and construction. Consumers rely on the internet and endless cable TV programs for ideas and use computer programs to make simple plans. Landscape designers take even greater advantage of technology with sophisticated programs to design landscapes, integrate systems, ensure local code compliance, and coordinate with other building professionals. The sheer mass of the available technology is daunting, and while it makes innovative solutions in planning and design possible, integrating the various technologies adds another challenge to the planning and design process.
Sometimes employing the latest in high-tech products can empower consumers to move forward with the project of their dreams. For example, previous clients once had serious concerns about installing a pool in their backyard because of the potential safety problems relating to the couple’s two teenage children. It was important to the couple to be able to monitor the pool at all times, but this was impossible when both parents were working. The solution was to install a video camera that could be accessed via an internet video feed which the clients could monitor from their computers at work. Now this family is enjoying their pool and their security with the help of technology.
Another example of how technology can improve the planning and design process is in allowing professionals to communicate effectively and efficiently with their clients and each other. If your landscape designer uses the AutoCad program, he can easily share blueprints with architects, building contractors, and interior designers. Each of these professionals is immersed in their own field of design and products that are available to the consumer. The architect is typically focused directly on the house or building and pays little attention to what the client might be thinking about for the landscape. Proper coordination between the landscape professional and the architect can result in two separate projects that still fit together in both form and function. This planning process is further impacted by the regulatory growth and control our local governments are placing on our communities. For example, houses, pools, walls, etc… have to be set so many feet from a property line; fences are limited to certain heights and styles; and drainage requirements are new realities that need to be considered. All of these factors are made more manageable by computer planning and research.
The vast array of landscape options available through technology sometimes leads consumers to be overwhelmed with the size and complexity of a project. Sometimes the technology may even overshadow the importance of good design and creativity. A landscape designer will help you wade through options and decide what technologies are most appropriate for your landscape while implementing a creative design that’s both attractive and functional. Thorough planning can coordinate traditional landscaping elements with new technology and break even a large, complex project into manageable pieces. The end result of working through the design and planning process effectively provides you with a completed puzzle. All the pieces have a place within a landscape. The trick is to break down that plan into constructible parts. This puzzle can be completed as a whole project or can be pieced together over a period of time. Comprehensive planning allows you the ability to realize your dreams quickly or over a number of years.
Good planning also results in lower project costs due to the ability to perform the work correctly from the outset and laying the groundwork for future additions. For example, while designing your landscape you might plan to build a patio and install an irrigation system right away, but realize that at some point you would like to install an outdoor lighting and audio system, but probably not for a few years. While your patio and irrigation system are being built, a smart landscape designer will have a PVC pipe system installed underneath your patio and throughout your lawn during construction. When the time is right you can add your lighting and audio systems without ruining the lawn or patio. The best part is that when you get ready to actually install the new systems, the labor involved will be so small that you could probably do it yourself!
Consumers with a comprehensive plan can also be secure in the fact that their dollars are being spent wisely, knowing that work is being performed in a logical sequence. Nothing is worse for a consumer or professional than having to do work twice due to poor planning. Getting it done right the first time is essential. Consider the clients who want to install a pool and a new fence surrounding their property – two expensive projects. They decide to spread out their projects and do the fence this year so their kids and dog can run freely in the yard and to build the pool next year. They go ahead and pick out a fence they really like only to find out a year later that the fence does not meet the local code for pool safety, and that half the fence needs to be taken out to make room for the pool contractor anyway. This kind of situation is easily avoided with careful planning.
As we are bombarded with all of the exciting opportunities that technology
makes available to us, we can be overwhelmed and lose sight of our true
objective. Client and designer need to be careful to consider all the
possibilities without losing sight of both the artistic and functional
aspects of the project. As you watch home and garden television shows
and peruse the internet, consider all the magical possibilities for
your landscape, but please do not lose sight of the most important aspect
of developing a project – good design and creativity!!!
Wetlands in our Environment
As published in Saratoga Business Journal, August 2005
By Geffrey Redick
Most people are only slightly aware of the natural world around them; they take for granted the beauty and importance of nature. We are fortunate to live and work in one of the most beautiful places in the Northeast. The Saratoga and Southern Adirondack region provides ever-changing views of distant hillsides with spectacular lakes, rivers, and streams. Our region is changing and growing with the addition of new industry, homes and businesses. Statistics show that Saratoga County grew 10.7% in the last decade and with the proposed Luther Forest Technology Park and other initiatives, this figure could double in the coming decade. The result of this growth is great economic strength but also significant change to our environment. With all the new buildings, roads, parking lots, etc… there can be potential distress on the natural environment.
One natural treasure of our region is our wetlands. Once thought of as wastelands full of mosquitoes, flies and disease, the true importance of wetlands to our environment has only been recognized in recent years. In addition to being a source of food and shelter for many species of birds and mammals, wetlands help regulate water levels, improve water quality, reduce flood and storm damages, and support hunting, fishing and other recreational activities. Scientists now even postulate that wetlands may help moderate global climate conditions.
Wetlands generally exist where groundwater flows near or at the surface, saturating the soil and the root zone of the plants in the area. This is a very limited view as to what defines a wetland. These spaces are very diverse in their makeup and can be found nearly anywhere; low lands, flat lands, mountain tops, rivers edges, ponds, stream banks and so on. However, it does not always have to be wet to be considered a wetland. Soil conditions or the types of vegetation are also useful indicators as certain plants have adapted their roots to grow in wet environments.
We need to reevaluate the areas on our property with dead trees, tall wild sedges, ferns, skunk cabbage and wet, mucky soil. We must begin to appreciate what they offer our environment and rethink our natural inclination to fill in these areas and convert them into lawn. Unfortunately, most people consider wetlands to be unsightly and have a desire to clean them up or transform them into areas of more conventional use.
But there are many ways to make wetlands more attractive without harming them or their environmental benefits. For example, removing some of the dead trees and introducing wetland species of plants like dogwoods, viburnums, asters, iris and many more, will add flower color and interest. Meadow grass mixes can be planted to add wildflowers that will bring color and interest spring, summer, fall and winter. Elevated boardwalks can be used to gain access to these amazing spaces allowing us to more closely observe the plants, birds, and other animals that live in or visit wetlands. Proper planning and creativity can be used to convert wet spaces into beautiful areas that are compatible with our lifestyle.
Nearly 75% of all wetlands are privately owned. Nevertheless, because they are such a critical element in our environment, wetlands, no matter their size, are strictly regulated at the federal, state, and local level. Therefore, before making any changes to wet areas on your property, it is essential to determine whether these areas are protected wetlands. This determination may not be obvious and should be made in consultation with a certified wetland delineator or a regulatory agency. You can contact your local building department or the United States Army Corps of Engineers, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to find a wetland delineator.
At the very least, regulation entails a review of your plans and authorization by a governmental agency before any activity can be undertaken. In the event that your plans are more drastic, such as those requiring dredging or filling of a wetland, you may need to go through the permit process. The Army Corps has some general criteria that they apply on an individual basis to each application. The general criteria are: 1. an assessment of need for the proposed work; 2. whether any alternatives that would accomplish the same goal were considered; 3. an analysis of the long-term favorable and/or unfavorable effects on the public and private use of the area.
Wetlands are a vital link between water and land, offering many benefits to our environment, and they do not have to be filled in to be compatible with business or private use. With proper planning and regulatory approval, they can offer unique and inviting landscapes for all to enjoy.
By being aware of the projected growth of our region and what impact it can have on the environment, we can avoid looking back 5, 10 or 15 years from now and being disappointed in what has been done in the name of growth and prosperity. It is easier to work hand in hand with what Mother Nature has already provided for us rather than try to recreate her efforts.
For more information on wetlands, their benefits and regulatory information, contact:
www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/vital/wetlands for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency site on wetlands
www.nan.usace.army.mil for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers website
www.dec.state.ny.us for the NYS Department of Environmental Conservation
www.redbuddevelopment.com for consultation on your landscape plans
Geffrey Redick is a licensed landscape architect and owner of Redbud
Development, Inc., a landscape design and construction management company
in Ballston Spa, telephone: 884-9959.
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Stone Patio or
Wooden Deck: Which is Better for Your Home?
By Geffrey Redick
Beautiful, spring weather is finally here, and one of the best ways to enjoy it is on a patio or deck. But which is better for your home -- a stone patio or a wooden deck? The answer is not as simple as it seems and involves careful consideration before investing in what is likely to be the focal point of your outdoor entertaining, play, and relaxation space.
Some people fall prey to basing their decision solely on their personal preference for the look of wood or the feel of stone. Personal preference, however, is only one of several factors to consider. Others include the intended function of the new space, what type of structure will work best with the style of your home and the setting of your property, whether you want to maximize privacy or a great view, maintenance issues, and, of course, cost.
When considering how you plan to use your new outdoor space ask yourself several questions. Will you use the space for small family gatherings or for entertaining large groups of friends? Are your gatherings usually casual or formal? Will you use the space for reading the paper in the morning, sun tanning in the afternoon, or barbecuing in the evening? Do you have small children? The answers to these questions might already lead you in the direction of a material choice. Large, formal gatherings might seem more appropriate on a smooth, dimensional Bluestone patio, whereas small and casual might fit better with a traditional, rustic cedar deck. The presence of small children might lead you to forego stone altogether for the softer feel of wood.
Next, you should consider the style of your home. Some home styles and finishes (brick, vinyl, wood, etc.) work better with stone patios and others with wooden decks. Think about whether your proposed structure will interfere with windows in your home, and also consider the interior floor finishes of the adjoining room in the home, since you may want to carry over a color, theme, or tile pattern.
The setting of your property is another factor to consider in deciding between a patio or a deck. Whether your yard is level or steeply sloped is also extremely important and may end up trumping all other factors. Natural stone lends itself especially to level, at-grade installations, while wood is usually preferred for sloping, elevated installations. An at-grade patio makes it easier to create privacy from neighbors. An elevated deck can leave you out in the open, which is exactly where you might want to be if privacy is not an issue. If you want to accentuate a grand vista, an elevated deck might be the preferred option. However, remember that the required railings may interfere with the panorama you are trying to emphasize.
Maintenance of each type of material is also a significant concern. With proper base preparation to create the correct pitch for water to drain, natural stone requires very little maintenance, perhaps replenishing the sand grout occasionally. There is really no need for any kind of sealing or coloring to preserve a stone patio. It is also easy to wash if desired, and real stone will not lose its color and will never rot. Most wood products do require regular cleaning as well as staining and/or sealing to maintain color and to extend the lifespan of the deck. Wood will also rot, and should be kept dry by providing air circulation above and below decks. If you are considering an artificial composite, wood-look material because it needs virtually no maintenance, keep in mind that generally such materials have a tendency to stain.
Finally, when deciding between a stone patio and a wooden deck, you will have to determine what your options will cost. You will need to consider not only the cost of the material itself, but how much it will cost to install. Stone is typically an inexpensive product to buy, but expensive to install. It is also very heavy, and might require special equipment to deliver to your construction site. Certain applications of irregular stone might require fitting stones together individually. New technology in machining and sawing natural stone is now making it easier and more cost effective to use natural stone, however. Conversely, the material cost for wood products is usually expensive. Then again, the availability of long pieces makes it easy to cover large areas quickly, which can decrease labor costs. Wood can be easier to work with, because it is more forgiving and can be used to create custom shapes. Artificial composites are more difficult to work with than wood and are less forgiving. Finally, changes in elevation or slope can have a significant impact on the cost of construction. Building a stone patio on a slope will typically be more expensive than an elevated wooden deck, because the patio would require large amounts of concrete foundation and retaining walls with a stone veneer.
If you have decided on a stone patio or a wooden deck, you must still choose what specific stone or wood you would like to use. The most typical types of natural stone material used for patios are dimensional stones with a smooth surface, such as New York State style or Pennsylvania style Bluestone or Tennessee Valley stone. Irregular, shaped stone, such as Champlain Stone’s Corinthian Granite or South Bay Quartzite, has a rougher, sometimes more rustic appeal. A natural clay brick offers many style and color possibilities as well. The most common varieties of wood decking are cedar or teak, which come in various thicknesses. There are also some less common choices to consider, such as the Brazilian Redwood Ipe, and Mahogany. Due to the wide diversity of stains, color possibilities of wood are vast, and with the work of skilled carpenters, style choices are also unlimited.
Finally, if you still can’t decide between a stone patio and a wooden deck, keep in mind that wood products and natural stone work very well together, both artistically and stylistically. Having an elevated wooden deck is often nicely accentuated with a lower stone patio. Problem solved.